Volume 2 Issue 4 | 2025 | View PDF
Paper Id:IJMSM-V2I4P125
doi: 10.71141/30485037/V2I4P125
Motor Imagery Training in Sports Psychology Improves Tennis Service Performance Among Competitive Young Tennis Athletes: A Scoping Review
Rosdara Masayuni Binti Mohd Sani, Justin Wei Yuen Fu, De Hang Ooi, Luqman Nul Hakeem Bin Abdul Rahim, Ean Hin Ooi
Citation:
Rosdara Masayuni Binti Mohd Sani, Justin Wei Yuen Fu, De Hang Ooi, Luqman Nul Hakeem Bin Abdul Rahim, Ean Hin Ooi, "Motor Imagery Training in Sports Psychology Improves Tennis Service Performance Among Competitive Young Tennis Athletes: A Scoping Review" International Journal of Multidisciplinary on Science and Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 233-242, 2025.
Abstract:
Tennis, a highly intricate and competitive sport, has gradually become more popular in today’s society, with a 25.6% and 13.6% increase in the number of players and coaches worldwide respectively in 2024 from 2019. One important aspect of tennis is its service, contributing 25% of tennis points in a match and is mainly influenced by accuracy and stroke velocity. In order to enhance athletic performances, many coaches adopt sports psychology in training sessions, with the most commonly applied one being motor imagery training (MIT). However, queries regarding MIT’s aftermaths on tennis service performance persist. Therefore, this scoping review aims to investigate MIT’s efficacy in improving tennis service performance among competitive young tennis athletes. Databases such as SCOPUS, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar and PubMed were utilised in sourcing relevant English articles published from 1990 onwards. A total of 9 relevant articles were obtained. All the yielded studies discovered MIT may potentially be efficient in enhancing tennis service performance and able to mitigate Ramadan-induced performance decline. In conclusion, MIT is recommended to be implemented in training regimes. However, more research about this topic should be conducted as there are still limited available studies and information gaps to fill in, such as its feasibility for applying to other tennis skills, sports, efficacy in para-athletes or in the medical field for patient rehabilitation and performance optimisation.
Keywords:
Tennis, Motor Imagery Training, Sport Psychology, Young Tennis Players.
References:
1. C. Bowers, “ITF Global Tennis Report: Participation Hits 106 Million in Five Years,” International Tennis Federation, Nov. 28, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/itf-global-tennis-report-participation-hits-106-million-in-five-years/
2. Á. López-Samanes, J. G. Pallarés, A. Pérez-López, R. Mora-Rodríguez, and J. F. Ortega, “Hormonal and Neuromuscular Responses During a Singles Match in Male Professional Tennis Players,” PLOS One, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018.
3. D. Whiteside and M. Reid, “Spatial Characteristics of Professional Tennis Serves With Implications for Serving Aces: A Machine Learning Approach,” Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 648–654, 2017.
4. M. Kovacs and T. Ellenbecker, “An 8-Stage Model for Evaluating the Tennis Serve,” Sports Health, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 504–513, 2011.
5. M. J. Hayes, D. R. Spits, D. G. Watts, and V. G. Kelly, “Relationship Between Tennis Serve Velocity and Select Performance Measures,” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 190–197, 2018.
6. Y. Le Mansec, B. Pageaux, A. Nordez, S. Dorel, and M. Jubeau, “Mental Fatigue Alters the Speed and Accuracy of the Ball in Table Tennis,” Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 36, no. 23, pp. 2751–2759, 2017.
7. M. Slimani, D. Tod, H. Chaabene, B. Miarka, and K. Chamari, “Effects of Mental Imagery on Muscular Strength in Healthy and Patient Participants: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 434–450, 2016.
8. N. Anuar and N. Bahar, “Imagery Training for Malaysian Paralympics Athletes – An Important Step Toward Sports Equity,” British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 613–614, 2023.
9. M. Jeannerod, “Neural Simulation of Action: A Unifying Mechanism for Motor Cognition,” NeuroImage, vol. 14, no. 1 Pt 2, pp. S103–S109, 2001.
10. American Psychological Association, “Symbolic Learning Theory,” APA Dictionary of Psychology, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://dictionary.apa.org/symbolic-learning-theory
11. M. M. Bradley, N. Sambuco, and P. J. Lang, “Imagery, Emotion, and Bioinformational Theory: From Body to Brain,” Biological Psychology, vol. 183, p. 108669, 2023.
12. J. Munzert and B. Lorey, “Motor and Visual Imagery in Sports,” in Multisensory Imagery, pp. 319–341, 2013.
13. T. Hanakawa, M. A. Dimyan, and M. Hallett, “Motor Planning, Imagery, and Execution in the Distributed Motor Network: A Time-Course Study With Functional MRI,” Cerebral Cortex, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2775–2788, 2008.
14. N. Robin, G. R. Coudevylle, A. Guillot, and L. Toussaint, “French Translation and Validation of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Third Version (MIQ-3F),” Movement and Sport Sciences, vol. 2, no. 108, pp. 23–31, 2020.
15. Q. H. Yu, A. S. N. Fu, A. Kho, J. Li, X. H. Sun, and C. C. H. Chan, “Imagery Perspective Among Young Athletes: Differentiation Between External and Internal Visual Imagery,” Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 211–218, 2016.
16. L. de S. Fortes et al., “Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Tennis Service Performance in Young Tennis Athletes,” Journal of Sport Psychology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 157–168, 2019.
17. N. Robin, R. Carien, K. Taktek, V. Hatchi, and L. Dominique, “Effects of Motor Imagery Training on Service Performance in Novice Tennis Players: The Role of Imagery Ability,” International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1070–1082, 2023.
18. A. Guillot, S. Desliens, C. Rouyer, and I. Rogowski, “Motor Imagery and Tennis Service Performance: The External Focus Efficacy,” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 332–338, 2014.
19. N. Deng, K. G. Soh, B. B. Abdullah, and D. Huang, “Does Motor Imagery Training Improve Service Performance in Tennis Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Behavioral Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 207, 2024.
20. A. Dana and E. Gozalzadeh, “Internal and External Imagery Effects on Tennis Skills Among Novices,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 124, no. 5, pp. 1022–1043, 2017.
21. R. S. Lindsay, P. Larkin, A. Kittel, and M. Spittle, “Mental Imagery Training Programs for Developing Sport-Specific Motor Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 444–465, 2021.
22. D. Laurent, R. Carien, and N. Robin, “Influence of Motor Imagery Modality on First-Serve Performance in Tennis Players,” Motor Control, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 377–390, 2024.
23. S. Fekih, M. S. Zguira, A. Koubaa, L. Masmoudi, N. L. Bragazzi, and M. Jarraya, “Effects of Motor Mental Imagery Training on Tennis Service Performance During the Ramadan Fasting: A Randomized, Controlled Trial,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 1035, 2020.
24. N. Robin, R. Carien, and D. Laurent, “Tennis Service Performance in Beginners: The Effect of Instructional Self-Talk Combined With Motor Imagery,” Journal of Motor Learning and Development, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 200–211, 2022.
25. Z. Wang et al., “The Effect of Motor Imagery With Specific Implement in Expert Badminton Player,” Neuroscience, vol. 275, no. 1, pp. 102–112, 2014.
26. F. Di Rienzo, Y. Blache, T. F. D. Kanthack, K. Monteil, C. Collet, and A. Guillot, “Short-Term Effects of Integrated Motor Imagery Practice on Muscle Activation and Force Performance,” Neuroscience, vol. 305, no. 2, pp. 146–156, 2015.
27. A. Guillot, C. Genevois, S. Desliens, S. Saieb, and I. Rogowski, “Motor Imagery and ‘Placebo-Racket Effects’ in Tennis Serve Performance,” Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 533–540, 2012.
28. N. Robin, L. Dominique, E. Guillet-Descas, and O. Hue, “Beneficial Effects of Motor Imagery and Self-Talk on Service Performance in Skilled Tennis Players,” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 6–11, 2022.
29. Y. F. Li, T. Gao, L. P. Luo, and S. He, “Comparative Effects of Open-Skill and Closed-Skill Sports on Executive Function in University Students,” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 15, p. 1457449, 2024.
30. L. Hardy and N. Callow, “Efficacy of External and Internal Visual Imagery Perspectives for Enhancement of Performance on Tasks in Which Form Is Important,” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 95–112, 1999.
31. A. White and L. Hardy, “Use of Different Imagery Perspectives on the Learning and Performance of Different Motor Skills,” British Journal of Psychology, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 169–180, 1995.
32. L. Demougeot and C. Papaxanthis, “Muscle Fatigue Affects Mental Simulation of Action,” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 31, no. 29, pp. 10712–10720, 2011.
33. T. F. D. Kanthack, A. Guillot, L. R. Altimari, S. N. Nagy, C. Collet, and F. Di Rienzo, “Selective Efficacy of Static and Dynamic Imagery in Different States of Physical Fatigue,” PLOS One, vol. 11, no. 3, e0149654, 2016.
34. C. Morais and A. R. Gomes, “Pre-Service Routines, Mental Toughness and Performance Enhancement of Young Tennis Athletes,” International Journal of Sport Psychology, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 176–192, 2019.
35. P. Knackstedt, “Optimal Timing of a PETTLEP Mental Imagery Intervention on a Dart Throwing Task,” M.S. thesis, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2011.
36. J. W. Krakauer and R. Shadmehr, “Consolidation of Motor Memory,” Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 58–64, 2006.