Volume 2 Issue 2 | 2025 | View PDF
Paper Id:IJMSM-V2I2P109
doi: 10.71141/30485037/V2I2P109
Plant Leaf Diseases Prediction: Using Machine Learning
Vitthal B Kamble, Srushti Parab, Sakshi Bandgar, Meghna Nimbalkar
Citation:
Vitthal B Kamble, Srushti Parab, Sakshi Bandgar, Meghna Nimbalkar, "Plant Leaf Diseases Prediction: Using Machine Learning " International Journal of Multidisciplinary on Science and Management, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 95-109, 2025.
Abstract:
Plant diseases cause significant reductions in plant production, leading to economic losses. Pests and diseases destroy plants or parts of plants, leading to lower agricultural production and food insecurity. Pathogen and pest infestations are major causes of crop destruction and loss of crop yields as most farmers do not have access to pathologists and entomologists or sufficient information and infrastructure to identify the disease early on and reduce the loss. To address this, we used a plant leaf dataset containing healthy and diseased plant leave images. We collected Plant Leaves dataset from Kaggle. These data sets are freely and publicly available to be used. And by using Machine learning and Computer Vision to identify to train the classifier, classify and predict the health of the plant. Using this method, we detect different kinds of disease present in the plant at an early stage before it spreads on a higher scale and a large part of the field is infected and accordingly take action to reduce the amount of loss.
Keywords:
Plant diseases, Machine Learning, Prediction, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), DatasetDetection, Classification.
References:
1. V.B. Kamble et al. "Machine Learning in Fake News Detection and Social Innovation: Navigating Truth in the Digital Age," Exploring Psychology, Social Innovation and Advanced Applications of Machine Learning, pp. 87–108, 2025.
2. O. Dabade et al. "Developing an Intelligent Credit Card Fraud Detection System with Machine Learning," Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Neural Network (JAIMLNN), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 45-53, 2022.
3. V.B. Kamble and N.J. Uke, "Image Tampering Detection: A Review of Multi-Technique Approach from Traditional to Deep Learning," Journal of Dynamics and Control, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 252–283, 2024.
4. V.B. Kamble et al. "Enhancing UPI Fraud Detection: A Machine Learning Approach Using Stacked Generalization," Golden Sun-Rise International Journal of Multidisciplinary on Science and Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 69–83, 2025.
5. V.B. Kamble et al. "Wireless Networks and Cross-Layer Design: An Implementation Approach," International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 5435–5440. 2014.
6. V.B. Kamble, and N.J. Uke, Ethical Hacking, San International. 2024.
7. K.G. Liakos et al., "Machine Learning in Agriculture: A Review," Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1–29, 2018.
8. R. Balodi et al., "Plant Disease Diagnosis: Technological Advancements and Challenges," Indian Phytopathology, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 275–281, 2017.
9. S.P. Mohanty, D.P. Hughes, and M. Salathé, "Using Deep Learning for Image-Based Plant Disease Detection," Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 7, pp. 1–10, 2016.
10. S.R. Maniyath, et al. "Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning," Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Design Innovations for 3Cs: Compute, Communicate, Control (ICDI3C), pp. 41–45, 2018.
11. S. Sladojevic et al., "Deep Neural Networks Based Recognition of Plant Diseases by Leaf Image Classification," Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2016, 2016.
12. IFAD, "Smallholders, Food Security, and the Environment," International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), pp. 1-54, 2013.
13. A. Badage, "Crop Disease Detection Using Machine Learning: Indian Agriculture," International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, pp. 866–869, 2018.
14. M.N. Bhise, M.S. Kathet, M.S. Jaiswar, and P.A. Adgaonkar, "Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning," International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), pp. 2924–2929, 2020.
15. R. Rout, and P. Parida, "A Review on Leaf Disease Detection Using Computer Vision Approach," Intelligent Techniques and Applications in Science and Technology, pp. 863–871, 2020.
16. Y. Fang, and R.P. Ramasamy, "Current and Prospective Methods for Plant Disease Detection," Biosensors, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 537-561, 2015.
17. D. Samanta, and A. Ghosh, "Histogram Approach for Detection of Maize Leaf Damage," International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 26–28, 2012.
18. M. Turkoglu, and D. Hanbay, "Recognition of Plant Leaves: An Approach with Hybrid Features Produced by Dividing Leaf Images into Two and Four Parts," Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 352, pp. 1–14, 2019.
19. N. Kranjčić, D. Medak, R. Župan, and M. Rezo, "Support Vector Machine Accuracy Assessment for Extracting Green Urban Areas in Towns," Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 6, 2019.
20. U. P. Singh et al., "Multilayer Convolution Neural Network for the Classification of Mango Leaves Infected by Anthracnose Disease," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 43721–43729, 2019.
21. K.M.F. Elsayed, T. Ismail, and N. S. Ouf, "A Review on the Relevant Applications of Machine Learning in Agriculture," International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1–17, 2018.
22. H. Tian et al., "Computer Vision Technology in Agricultural Automation A Review," Information Processing in Agriculture, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2020.
23. B. I. Evstatiev, and K. G. Gabrovska-Evstatieva, "A Review on the Methods for Big Data Analysis in Agriculture," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1032, no. 1, pp. 1–31, 2021.
24. A. Rastogi, R. Arora, and S. Sharma, "Leaf Disease Detection and Grading Using Computer Vision Technology & Fuzzy Logic," 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), pp. 500–505, 2015.
25. M. Nagaraju, and P. Chawla, "Systematic Review of Deep Learning Techniques in Plant Disease Detection," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 547–560, 2020.
26. M. Halder, A. Sarkar, and H. Bahar, "Plant Disease Detection by Image Processing: A Literature Review," SDRP Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 534–538, 2018.
27. M. S. Arya, K. Anjali, and D. Unni, "Detection of Unhealthy Plant Leaves Using Image Processing and Genetic Algorithm with Arduino," EPSCICON 2018 - 4th International Conference on Power, Signals, Control and Computation, pp. 1–5, 2018.
28. P. K. Sethy, "Detection & Identification of Rice Leaf Diseases Using Multiclass SVM and Particle Swarm Optimization Technique," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 108-120, 2019.
29. R. P. Narmadha, and G. Arulvadivu, "Detection and Measurement of Paddy Leaf Disease Symptoms Using Image Processing," 2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), pp. 5–8, 2017.
30. D. Majumdar, D. K. Kole, A. Chakraborty, and D. Dutta Majumder, "Review: Detection & Diagnosis of Plant Leaf Disease Using Integrated Image Processing Approach," International Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, vol. 6, pp. 1–16, 2014.
31. V. Singh, and A. K. Misra, "Detection of Plant Leaf Diseases Using Image Segmentation and Soft Computing Techniques," Information Processing in Agriculture, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41–49, 2017.
32. A. K. Mahlein, E. C. Oerke, U. Steiner, and H. W. Dehne, "Recent Advances in Sensing Plant Diseases for Precision Crop Protection," European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 197–209, 2012.
33. H. Al Hiary, S. Bani Ahmad, M. Reyalat, M. Braik, and Z. Alrahamneh, "Fast and Accurate Detection and Classification of Plant Diseases," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 31–38, 2011.
34. R. I. Hasan, S. M. Yusuf, and L. Alzubaidi, "Review of the State of the Art of Deep Learning for Plant Diseases: A Broad Analysis and Discussion," Plants, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1–25, 2020.
35. Mahin Vazifehdan, Mohammad Hossein Moattar, and Mehrdad Jalali "A Hybrid Bayesian Network and Tensor Factorization Approach for Missing Value Imputation to Improve Breast Cancer RECURRENCE prediction,” University - Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 32, no. 10, p. 1215, 2020.
36. P. R. Rothe, and R. V. Kshirsagar, "Cotton Leaf Disease Identification Using Pattern Recognition Techniques," 2015 International Conference on Pervasive Computing: Advances and Applications for Society (ICPC), pp. 1-6, 2015.
37. M. J. Alam, M. A. Awal, and M. N. Mustafa, "Crops Diseases Detection and Solution System," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 2112–2120, 2019.
38. M. Sardogan, A. Tuncer, and Y. Ozen, "Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Based on CNN," 2018 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering, pp. 382–385, 2020.
39. S. Kumar et al., "Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Based on Machine Learning," 2020 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE), Bengaluru, India, pp. 361–365, 2020.
40. M. V. Applalanaidu, and G. Kumaravelan, "A Review of Machine Learning Approaches in Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification," 2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV), Tirunelveli, India, pp. 716–724, 2021.
41. G. Shrestha et al., "Plant Disease Detection Using CNN," 2020 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), Kolkata, India, pp. 109-113, 2020.
42. Abirami Devaraj et al., "Identification of Plant Diseases Using Image Processing Techniques," 2019 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), Chennai, India, pp. 749-753, 2021.
43. Y. M. Oo, and N. C. Htun, "Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Image Processing," International Journal of Research in Electronics (IJRE), vol. 5, no. 9, 2018.
44. A. Saji, A. Gino, A. Paul, A. P. M. Ananta, and J. George, "Green Leaf Disease Detection," International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), vol. 11, 2023.
45. S. Dombale, S. Bodekar, V. Deshmane, and S. Patil, "Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using Machine Learning," International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), vol. 11, 2023.
46. Amrita S. Tulshan, and Nataasha Raul, "Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Conventional Machine Learning and Deep Learning," International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), 2020.
47. R. Rinu, and S. H. Manjula, "Plant Disease Detection and Classification Using CNN," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2021.
48. Shima Ramesh et al., "Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning," 2018 International Conference on Design Innovations for 3Cs Compute Communicate Control (ICDI3C), Bangalore, India, pp. 41-45, 2018.
49. M. Chohan et al., "Plant Disease Detection Using Deep Learning," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), vol. 9, no. 1, 05, 2020.
50. L.R. Priya, G.I. Rajathi, and R. Vedhapriyavadhana, "Crop Disease Detection and Monitoring System," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), vol. 8, no. 4, 11, 2019.
51. S. Prabavathi, and P. Kanmani, "Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Optimized CNN Model," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 233-238, 2021.
52. C. R. Babu, D. S. Rao, V. S. Kiran, and N. Rajasekhar, "Plant Disease Identification Using GLCM and KNN Algorithms," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), vol. 8, no. 5, 2020.